What are food allergens?

Food allergens are specific substances in food that can trigger allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. These allergens are typically proteins that the immune system mistakenly identifies as harmful, leading to a range of reactions that can vary from mild to severe, including symptoms like hives, anaphylaxis, or gastrointestinal issues. Understanding food allergens is crucial for food safety, particularly for individuals with known allergies, as even small amounts can provoke an allergic reaction.

The other options, while related to food, do not accurately define allergens. For example, proteins that enhance flavor do not necessarily cause allergic reactions, nor do quickly spoilable ingredients inherently trigger allergies. Additionally, preservatives are used to extend food shelf life but are not linked to allergic responses. Therefore, the definition provided by the correct answer is essential for recognizing the potential dangers of food allergens in food handling and preparation contexts.